![]() ![]() For all surgery groups (G2, G3, G4), video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (n = 19) was associated with a longer postoperative fever (4 v 2 days P <.05), but a shorter total LOS (12 v 15 days P <.05) when compared with open decortication (n = 32). For G2, G3, and G4, rapid clinical improvement and early discharge (6 days) was seen after surgery. Treatment using CT (G1, G2) or thoracentesis (G3) was associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) when compared with surgery alone (G4 12 v 8 days). Fifty-one (73%) patients required surgical intervention. Results: There were no significant differences with respect to age, gender, pleural cultures or fluid analysis. Patients were grouped as (G1) successful management with chest tube (CT), (G2) surgery after initial CT, (G3) thoracentesis followed by surgery, and (G4) surgery alone. Methods: Medical records of all children (n = 70) from 1990 to 2000 with late-presenting empyema (stage II or III) were reviewed. The authors wished to determine the optimal management strategy for this group of children. Purpose: Despite the reported value of early video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for empyema, many children are still referred to the surgeon late in the disease process. Graft diseases, Chirurgie de l'appareil respiratoire, Surgery of the respiratory system, Appareil respiratoire pathologie, Respiratory disease, Aparato respiratorio patología, Chirurgie, Surgery, Cirugía, Endoscopie, Endoscopy, Endoscopía, Homme, Human, Hombre, Infection, Infección, Poumon pathologie, Lung disease, Pulmón patología, Assistance technique, Technical assistance, Asistencia técnica, Chirurgie endoscopique, Endoscopic surgery, Cirugía endoscópica, Empyème, Empyema, Empiema, Enfant, Child, Niño, Pneumonie, Pneumonia, Neumonía, Stade avancé, Advanced stage, Estadio avanzado, Technique vidéo, Video technique, Técnica video, Thoracoscopie, Thoracoscopy, Toracoscopía, Traitement, Treatment, and Tratamiento Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Pathologie des greffons, Surgery (general aspects). ![]() Transplantations, greffes d'organes et de tissus. General medicine general surgery, Médecine et chirurgie générales, Pediatrics, Pédiatrie, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Chirurgie (generalites). ediciones medicas del hospital infantil de mexico federico gomez 3.japanese society of internal medicine 4.radiological society of north america 11.american association of neurological surgeons 11.american college of chest physicians 56.bulletin de l'academie veterinaire de france 2.journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry 5.southern medical journal (birmingham) 6.american journal of roentgenology (1976) 7.american journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 7.european journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases (print) 8.british journal of neurosurgery (print) 8.scandinavian journal of infectious diseases 10.journal of clinical microbiology (print) 13.journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 18.the pediatric infectious disease journal 19.european journal of cardio-thoracic surgery 28.cardiology, blood circulation, phlebology 189.cardiologie, appareil circulatoire, phlebologie 189.bacterioses de l'appareil respiratoire 328.bacterial diseases of the respiratory system 328.This can be accomplished for 25-50 cm/s concerning the aorta or main pulmonary artery. In case aliasing or mosaic patterns occur Venc should be adjusted until the latter disappears. Typical Venc values for different flow measurements are listed below: A velocity scout may help in an improved predefinition 2,3. In case Venc is chosen too low aliasing occurs, if it is chosen too high, flow measurements suffer from low accuracy and/or a jet might not be seen. Venc has to be defined by the user before image acquisition and adapted to the anticipated peak velocities to obtain accurate flow measurements 2. This phenomenon can be used to depict and measure the velocity of spins and thus flow 1. Velocity-encoding (Venc) gradients are used to generate a phase shift in magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging proportional to the velocity of moving protons. Velocity encoding or Venc is referred to as an operator-controlled parameter for the determination of the maximum velocity within a velocity-encoded phase contrast imaging study. ![]()
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